If you are from the UK and want to travel, you might be interested in Montenegro because of its beautiful Adriatic coast, huge mountains, and cute mediaeval towns. This Balkan country has a lot of beautiful nature, but it also has a rich history that has made it what it is today. From ancient civilisations to modern independence, Montenegro’s history is a fascinating story of strength, cultural fusion and national pride.
By going on a trip through Montenegro’s history, you can learn more about its people and places. Every place you visit, whether it’s the cobblestone streets of Kotor or the ruins of Ottoman fortresses, has a story that makes your trip more interesting.
Ancient Roots: Illyrians, Greeks, and Romans
The Illyrians, an ancient group of tribes with a unique culture and language, lived in the area that is now Montenegro long before the Slavic tribes settled in the Balkans. An Illyrian kingdom had developed by the third century BC, with Skadar (present-day Shkodër, Albania) serving as its capital. The Illyrians, who frequently clashed with neighbouring powers, were renowned for their fierce independence and seafaring prowess.
In the sixth and seventh centuries BC, Greeks set up colonies along the coast of Montenegro. These colonies brought Hellenistic culture and trade to the area. Later, in the 2nd century BC, the Romans took over the Illyrian kingdom and made it part of their Illyricum province. During Roman rule, cities grew, roads were built, and Christianity spread. These changes left a lasting mark on the culture of the area.
The Slavic Settlement and the Rise of Duklja
Around the year 600 or 700, Slavic groups moved into the Balkans and settled in Montenegro’s mountainous areas. By the 9th century, these tribes had created the Principality of Duklja, which was also called Doclea. This was the start of a clear Slavic identity in the area. In the 11th century, when Prince Vojislav was in charge, Duklja gained a lot of independence, standing up to Byzantine rule and laying the groundwork for becoming a Montenegrin state.
The Emergence of Zeta and the Crnojević Dynasty
After Duklja’s downfall, the area changed into the Principality of Zeta, which in the 14th and 15th centuries rose to prominence as a political entity. Ivan Crnojević and the Crnojević dynasty were instrumental in halting Ottoman expansion. Ivan relocated the capital to Cetinje in 1482, making it the political and religious hub of Montenegro. In order to promote the growth of culture and religion, he also established the first printing press in Southeastern Europe and the Cetinje Monastery.